Finance For The Non Financial Manager Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

This assignment is done on the completion of the paper Finance for the non financial managers for the PGD leading to MBA level. As per the assignment given to us, we are required to analyze the financial performance of a company included in London Stock Exchange. For that purpose, I have chosen one of the biggest public retailers in the U.K., the Tesco. I have reasons to choose it, and the one of the reasons is its unassailable position in the retailing industry, in which it has left many of its competitors far behind. The other reason is its extraordinary sense of public service. These things always left me curious to know about how the organization functions. However, my focus will be concentrated on how such an organization manages its finance, that is to say the financial performance of the company. For that purpose I will briefly analyze the financial performance of the last three consecutive years of Tesco. Financial figures of Tesco in themselves do not clearly states its position in the market, due to that reason I have attempted to do the benchmark analysis comparing its financial performance with Sainsburys in the year 2009, and at the same time with industry average. For the industry average I have taken three companies in the same industry Tesco, Sainsburys, and Morrison. Tesco is the public retailer of groceries, consumer goods, financial services and telecoms. It was founded by Jack London in 1919 in East London. It sells food and drinks in its store and provides the services like clothing, consumer electronics, telecoms, home, health, and car insurance, dental plans, retailing and renting DVDs, CDs, music down loads, Internet services and software. Tesco operates its business in the U.K., the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, the Republic of Ireland, Slovakia, Turkey, China, Japan, Malaysia, South Korea, Thailand and the United States. TESCO brand was first used in 1924 and was included in London Stock Exchange in 1947 as Tesco Stores Limited. Tesco has a total of 4,331 stores worldwide; with a total of around 470,000.Currently it holds 28% market share in the U.K.s retailing industry. (www.investis.com ) 2. Financial Analysis of Tesco Despite the challenging environment, Tesco attained a considerable growth rate in the fiscal year ended in 28th February 2009. For the fiscal year ended in 2009 Tesco PLC achieved revenues of 59.4bn pound, an increase of 14.67% against the previous years 11.16%. Tesco exhibits an increasing trend in its growth rate. The companys revenues are derived from four major geographical regions: the UK, Rest of Europe, Asia and USA which accounted for 70.30%, 16.31%, 13.01%, and 0.38% of the revenue excluding tax of the fiscal year 2009 respectively. The growth rate of Tescos revenues in percentage in different region is shown in the pie chart in the appendix. Tesco exhibits a solid growth in the U.K. market despite the challenges of recession and strong competitors. Asia comes second in its growth rate followed by Europe. ( financial highlights.www. tesco.com) 2.1. Profitability Ratio Profitability Ratio in financial analysis is used to measure the businesss ability to generate revenue in relation to its expenses and costs. Higher the value of the ratio, the better would be the financial performance of the company. If a company is having a higher profitability ratio compared to its competitor, it can be inferred that the company is doing better than that particular competitor. The higher or same profitability ratio of a company compared to its previous period also indicates that the company is doing well. Profitability ratios are the particular interests of the shareholders. First profitability Ratio: Gross Profit Ratio: Gross profit/Revenue*100 The gross profit ratio tells how much a company earns after its cost of sales. In 2009, Tesco makes 7.76% gross profit for every 100 pound dollar which is slightly better than the previous year 2008 and worse than 2007 when the company had the gross profit margin 7.67% and 8.12% respectively. Compared to Sainsburys 5.48% in 2009, Tesco performs better. It operates above the industry average 6.51% in 2009. Second Profitability Ratio: Net Profit Margin Ratios: Net profit/ revenue*100% Net profit ratio gives us the net profit a business earns per 1 dollar turnover. It is calculated after taking into account the cost of sales and the expenses but before interest, dividend and taxation. Tesco has the net profit margin 5.44% in 2009 compared to 5.93% in 2008 and 6.22% in 2007.Although the company has the gross profit margin better in 2009 than in 2008, the net profit falls short than the previous year, which is due to the rise in the expenses than the previous year. The company is required to cut the administrative and other expenses to increase its net profit. Compared to the Sainsburys, the company is better in yielding net profit because Sainsburys net profit is only 3.55% in the current fiscal year 2009. Tesco exceeds the industry average in its net profit margin by 1.30%. The Third Profitability Ratio: Return on Capital Employed Ratio Operating profit/ capital employed*100 The ROCE tells the profit a company earns from the total investment made in the company. ROCE is calculated by dividing the operating profit by the total capital employed in percentage. Tesco earns 11.44 dollar for every 100 pound investment in the year 2009. ROCE for the company in the year 2009 is worse than then the last years ROCE which was 14.25 pounds which definitely accounts for the increasing expenses and decreasing operating profit and minority interests. Other factors in the decreasing ROCE of Tesco are: Heavy rise in borrowing, increase in past employment benefit obligations, heavy rise in provisions, and heavy rise in differed tax liabilities. Tesco performs better ROCE in the year 2009 compared to Sainsburys 9.46%., and at the same time exceeds the industry average by 2.22%. The Fourth Profitability Ratio; Return on Equity: Profit after tax/total equity*100% It measures how much a company earned from the total amount of shareholders equity found in the balance sheet. For every 100 pound investment by the shareholders of the company, Tesco earns 16.68 pound in the year 2009. Compared to the last year the performance is worse. The possible reasons are, finance cost is higher, and finance income is lower than in 2008 and taxation is higher. Compared to the Sainsburys, Tescos performance is better, for Sainsburys ROE for the year is 6.60%. Fifth profitability Ratio; Earning per Share Ratio: Profit after tax/No. ordinary share The company earns 27.50 pence for every ordinary share in the year 2009 which is slightly better than the previous year. This is because of the increase in the profit after the tax. Earnings per share of Tesco are better in the year 2009 than Sainsburys, for Sainsburys earnings per share for the year 2009 is 16.66 pence. In this regard also, Tesco far exceeds the industry average, 20.25 pence. 2.2. Liquidity Ratio. Liquidity ratios measure the ability of the company to meet the short term and long term obligations of the company. Liquidity ratios are the particular interests to those who are extending short term credit to the firm. Short term creditors prefer a high current ratio since it reduces risks, shareholder may prefer a lower current ratio so that more of the firms assets are working to grow the business. First Liquidity Ratio; Current Ratio: Current asset / Current Liability Current ratio is used to measure the companys ability to meet its short term commitments that is its debt and payables with its short term assets like cash, inventory and receivables. The higher the current ratio, the better the company is in paying its obligations. A ratio underÂÂ  1 suggests that the companyÂÂ  wouldÂÂ  beÂÂ  unable to pay offÂÂ  its obligations if they came due at that point. The current ratio can give a sense of the efficiency of a companys operating cycle or its ability to turnÂÂ  its product into cash. Analyzing Tescos current ratio we find for every 1 pound current liability Tesco has 0.79 worth of current assets in the year 2009. The company is weak in short term solvency and is not able to meet the short term obligations, but compared to last year it is better. The causes responsible for the better current ratio are: decrease in current tax liabilities, increase in the loans and advances to banks and other financial assets, incr ease in short term investments, cash and cash equivalents, increase in trade and other receivables and derivative financial instruments. Compared to Sainsburys in the year 2009, Tesco is better in fulfilling the short term obligations. It exceeds the industry average by 0.17, pushing the others behind. Second Liquidity Ratio: Acid Test Ratio or Quick Ratio or Liquid Ratio. Current asset- Inventories/ current liability Acid test ratio measures a companys ability to meet short term financial liabilities like the current ratio, but unlike current ratio it does not take into account the inventories, because inventories are not rapidly convertible to cash. Tesco has 0.63 of its liquidity assets for every pound current liability in the year 2009. It is weak because it is below the standard ratio 1:1. Acid ratio of Tesco for the 2009 is better than the year 2008 which suggests that the company is having the solid top line growth, quickly converting receivables into cash. Compared to Sainsburys in the year 2009, Tesco position is far better, for Sainsbury has only 0.31 pence worth of liquid asset for every 1 pound current liability. In this regard as well, the company pushes the company average behind. Third Liquidity Ratio; Working Capital to Net asset ratio WC/NA* 100 or CA-CL/NA*100 This ratio provides the percentage of remaining liquid assets. An increasing working capital to net asset ratio is a positive sign which shows the companys increasing liquidity and the vice versa. This ratio for Tesco in the year 2009 is negative which shows the company is undergoing severe short term liquidity problem. However, compared to the last year the company has brought slight change in the ratio showing its improvement. Compared to Sainsburys in the same year that is 2009, both companies seem to have passing through the same kind of problem. Both of them are in the same range though Sainsburys seems better, though insignificantly. 2.3. Efficiency Ratio: The purpose of using the efficiency ratio is to measure the efficiency of the company in utilizing its assets / resources to generate sales or profit. It looks at the internal working of the company. Efficiency Ratios types are as follows. Debtors Collection Days: Trade receivables/sales turnover*365 It is used to measure the efficiency of the credit control management. It is used to measure how quickly the company recovers debts from its credit customers. Most businesses make a large proportion of their sales on credit. Debtor days are a measure of the average time payment takes. Increases in debtor days may be a sign that the quality of a companys debtors is decreasing. This could mean a greater risk. Debtors collection days of Tesco for the year 2009 are only 12 days, which is more than the previous year, which is not definitely a positive sign. It exhibits the growing trends in the debtors collection days for the last two consecutive years when it was 10 and 9 days respectively. Compared to Sainsburys, Tesco exhibits worse scenario this is much higher than Sainsburys 0.95 days. Tesco bears high risk at collecting money from its debtors; however sounds it appears in other respects. It falls short to the industry average in this regard as well. Creditors Payments Days: Trade Payables/cost of sales or credit purchases *365 This ratio measures the promptness of the company in paying back to its suppliers or creditors. The company takes 32 days on average to pay back the debts it owes to its suppliers in the year 2009. The creditors payment days of 2009 are more than the year 2008 which is worse and indicates that the company has the weak liquidity ratio. Due to its cash problem, the company delayed the payment of debts than in the previous year. While comparing Sainsburys and Tesco, Tescos position is better, for Sainsburys pay back to its suppliers in 33.35 days. It outruns the industry average in this respect. Stock Turn over Days: Average Inventory/cost of sales*365 This ratio measures the efficiency of the inventory management or control. The companys stock turns over every 20 days in the year 2009. The stock maintained by the company is sufficient to meet the sales for 20 days, whereas it was 19 days in 2008 and 22 days in 2007 which means that the company is slower in 2008 and quicker in 2007 to sell the stocks than in the year 2009. Sainsburys stock turns over days are 27.45 days, worse than Tesco in the year 2009. Tesco makes quicker sell than Sainsburys. The company exacts the industry average in this respect. Asset turns over: Revenue/Net asset or capital employed. It measures the efficiency of the company in utilizing the assets to generate income. For every 1 pound the company invested in net asset, the company generates 1.94 worth of sales in the year 2009 which is worse than the previous years 2008 and 2007 when it was 2.36 and 2.56 respectively. Sainsburys generates 2.66 pound worth of sales for every 1 pound investment, better than Tesco in the year 2009 where as the industry average is 2.31. 2.4. Financial Position Ratios: It measures the long term solvency of the company, the ability of the company to meet long term commitments i.e. financial commitments. It measures the financial risk involved in the company. This is the particular interest of the shareholders and long term creditors like bank who leverage the company. D/E Ratio: D/E*100 For every 100 pound shareholders equity, the company has 149.14 long term liability in the year 2009 which involves high financial risk. The company is in worse condition than in the year 2008 and 2007 because the companys debt increased considerably from 87.06% and 74.54% of the last two years considerably. Sainsburys has only 62.57 long term liability for every shareholders equity. Tesco is high geared company whereas Sainsburys is a low geared company. Tesco exceeds the industry average, for the industry average for the year 2009 is 76.48%. Interest cover Earnings before tax and interest/ Interest expenses Higher the ratio, the better the position This ratio is used to determine how easily a company can pay interest on outstanding debt. The interest coverage ratio is calculated by dividing a companys earnings before interest and taxes of the period by the companys interest expenses of the same period. For every 1 pound interest payable, the company earns 7.18 earnings before interest and taxation which is sufficient to meet the interest expenses. However, compared to its past two consecutive years, the company is not generating income in the same ratio. IT operates better than Sainsburys and almost exacts the industry average. Investment Ratios: Investment ratios are used to understand the investment prospect of the company. These ratios are used by investors to estimate the attractiveness of a potential or existing investment and get an idea of its valuation. For example, the most well-known investment valuation ratio is the P/E ratio, which compares the current price of companys shares to the amount of earnings it generates. The purpose of this ratio is to give users a quick idea of how much they are paying for each $1 of earnings. And with one simplified ratio, one can easily compare the P/E ratio of one company to its competitors and to the market. P/E Ratio (market Price of the share /Earnings per share Ratio) Market value per share of the company is about 12 times of its earnings per share in the year 2009. Compared to the previous year the company has its share value decreased in 2009. In 2008 and 2007, the ratio was 14.61 and 18.30 respectively. In the same period of the year 2009 Sainsburys market price per share is 18.67 times of its earnings, better than Tesco. Tesco falls short by 3.45 times than the industry average. Dividend Yield Ratio: Dividend per share/market price per share A financial ratio thatÂÂ  shows how much a company pays out in dividends each year relative to its share price There is increasing trend in dividend paid out which is 3.59, 2.77 and 2.23 for every 100 pound share in 2009, 2008 and 2007 respectively. It is better than the current interest rate and inflation rate. Sainsburys position is better than Tesco. Tesco outsmarts the industry ratio in this regards as well. Dividend Payout Ratio: Dividend per share/Earning Per share*100 It is the percentage of earnings paid to shareholders in dividends. The payout ratio provides an idea of how well earnings support the dividend payments. More mature companiesÂÂ  tend toÂÂ  have a higher payout ratio. Tesco paid 43% of profit after tax as dividend which is higher than the last year when they paid only the 40.44% of profit after tax as dividend. Sainsburys paid out 80% of the profit after the tax to the shareholders in the year 2009, more than the Tesco. Tesco paid lesser than the industry average. Net Asset Value per Share Net asset/No of ordinary Share The net asset value per every 1 pound share of Tesco in the year 2009 is 1.65 which is more than in the years 2008 and 2007 when it was 1.51 and 1.33 respectively. Compared to Sainsburys, it is worse. It worse than the industry average also. 3. Nonfinancial performance of Tesco 3.1. Strategy of Tesco Tesco Plc has consistent growth strategy which strengthens its business in the U.K. and other markets. Tesco Plcs has five objectives in its strategy .They are given as follow: To be a successful international retailer; To grow the core UK business; To be as strong in non-food as in food; To develop retailing services such as Tesco Personal Finance, Telecoms Tesco. Com and To put community at the heart of its activities. With these objectives in the core of its strategy, Tesco began to broaden its business embracing the customers in the large expanding market of the U.K. and abroad in central Europe, Asia and USA. It adopted the strategy of diversifying its business in 1997. Tescos strategy is competitive and profitable that has made it the market leader in many markets outside the U.K. Tesco exhibits a solid growth in the U.K. market despite the challenges of recession and strong competitors. Asia comes second in its growth rate followed by Europe. 3.2. SWOT analysis of Tesco. Tesco entails Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Strengths in its businesses and I have attempted to make short overview of SWOTs of Tesco in the following way. Strengths TESCO have secured commercial standing within the global market place winning Retailer of the Year 2008 at the World Retail Awards. This can be used for marketing campaigns to drive advantage towards the demographic base for future growth and sustainability. Similarly, in an environment where global retail sales are showing decline or level performance on a like for like basis TESCO Group have published sales gain of 13% for UK markets and 26% growth in international markets. As a business looking for continued expansion TESCO have reserve funds of credit coupled with income derived from property portfolio development funds. Besides these, Tesco has a lot of strengths: Increasing market share, Tesco personal insurance, Tesco online, price adjustment to address the customers crushed by credit crunch, store variety, Economies of scale etc. Weaknesses Despite its strengths in the retailing market, TESCO Finance profit levels were impacted through bad debt, credit card arrears and household insurance claims. TESCOs position as a price leader in UK markets can lead to reduced profit margins in order to retain the key price points on most of the commercial items. Moreover, the grocer outlets are not set up to operate as specialist retailers in specific areas of product which can be capitalized on by other smaller retailers. Whilst current economic conditions suggest TESCOs key value message will succeed there is a weakness in non-essential, mid to high ticket price items which will suffer from the rising cost of living and lower disposable incomes. Tescos heavy reliance on the U.K. market might dwindle its growth rate as the U.K. is slow to emerge out of recession. Opportunities Statistics suggest TESCO is the third largest global grocer which indicates a level of buying power to ensure mainstream economies of scale. At the same time, the acquisition of Homever provides the opportunity to develop the brand through Asia, specifically South Korea and further grow International markets for the group. The development of Tesco Direct through online and catalogue shopping will grow the use of technology, providing the launch pad for larger non food based products with moderate to high margin returns and less focus on sales and margin per foot return to space. TESCO mobile have grown ÂÂ ¼ million customers in 2008 and moved into profitable status suggesting further growth and development within this technological area can be developed. Threats UK and American markets have been affected by economic concerns through the credit crunch. Lower available income will impact and strategic focus may need to change to lower priced basic products with less focus on higher priced brands suggesting a switch in price architecture. Rising raw material costs from both food and non food will impact profit margins overall. Sourcing changes to Far East locations with regards exporting restrictions on some non food product areas will reduce margin rates on products with already low margins. Changes to consumer buying behaviors require further analysis as technology develops consumer buying patterns change which will result in product areas requiring evaluation. For TESCO there is a persistent threat of takeover from the market leader Wal-Mart who has both means and motive to pursue such action. 3.4. PESTEL analysis of TESCO: The external factors have a great impact in a business. The external factors impacting a business are dealt under PESTEL analysis. PESTEL stands for political, economic, social, technological, legal and environmental factors a business operates in. Political factors include tax policies, trade restrictions, tariffs etc. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, and inflation rates, Employment level etc. Sociological factors includes culture, health consciousness, working condition Technological factors include ecological aspects, research and development, the rate of technological change. Environmental factors includes recycling policies and pollution Legal aspects include health and safety laws, consumer laws and regulations. The global recession has a negative impact on the businesses. It is very hard for businesses to sustain in such an environment. Credit crunch has given rise to the unemployment rate. It has impact on Tesco, too. However, Tesco has been doing well by selling everything to everyone everywhere. In such a situation Tesco can give employment to people by opening new stores in many places. Tesco has to follow the laws and regulations about monopolies and competition protecting consumers. Meanwhile Tesco has to ensure the entrepreneurs right to compete. Many small businesses are falling due to recession, and Tesco has to consider the location of establishment. The UKs law that presupposes the organization with a large market share dominant will lead Tesco to continuous assessment to ensure it is not being exploitative. Planning Permission law of UK has made Tesco to identify the relevant laws on planning permission. The increase in immigration of Eastern Europeans or the increase in young p rofessionals has given rise to quick microwavable meals that the Tesco has to bear in thinking. The technological factor that has assisted Tesco is the growing use of internet that made on line shopping in Tesco and provides delivery service through Tescos website www.tesco.com. With growing public concern about social responsibility Tesco has to make its corporate responsibilities to address the environmental issues like encourage the customers to make low carbon choices. The growth of unemployment rate is also likely to impact the business of Tesco. 4. Conclusion. The financial analysis of Tesco exhibits that Tesco is true to its strategy in acquiring the large portion of market share delivering customer focus service in its diversified business portfolio. It attained noteworthy growth in sales, left behind its competitors in many ratios. However, Tescos creditors payment days are high which involves high financial risks and sometimes it sounds like that it excelled others because it provides large credit sales to the customers for many days. But it would be rash to assess its performance that way ignoring its strength in many other respects. As a whole Tesco is doing well and will do better in the times to come. Tesco is a real business owner in the retailing industry. Although Tesco is doing well in the retailing industry, it runs the risks of running the jack of all but ace on none. It has its hand in everything but fails to outsmart the companies that have come up with specialized product even in a single product. It should focus on specializing in some most demanded product. Tesco has to extend its businesses in the countries like India and china with the large population and rising economy.

Essay Writing Sample For 5th Grade

<h1>Essay Writing Sample For fifth Grade</h1><p>When picking your article composing tests for the fifth grade understanding task, make certain to think about all the alternatives and do some schoolwork before the beginning of school. There are various ways that an understudy can get their hands on expositions, however most don't understand that it is so natural to discover them, so they basically buy the main example that they find in their neighborhood library or bookstore.</p><p></p><p>If you are a parent or instructor, odds are that you have seen that understudies are attempting to compose papers in the fifth grade. That, yet they are not composing papers that the kids are keen on composing. On the off chance that your kid's schoolwork task is a fifth grade understanding task, at that point there are some simple approaches to improve their composing skills.</p><p></p><p>For model, when you first take your kid to pre school, start by doing some exploration about their companions who were in fourth grade or more youthful. How could they admission? How could they handle their schoolwork assignments? So as to peruse your youngster's articles to discover expositions that they will like, you have to inspect their capacity to peruse and comprehend language.</p><p></p><p>To do this, glance through their fourth grade books or center textbooks and read a portion of their papers resoundingly. Discover the sentences and passages that they peruse and track with them. Give close consideration to the sentence structure, the exchange and the general importance of the passages.</p><p></p><p>The subsequent stage is to audit the articles that you found with a kid that was additionally in fourth grade. This is a phenomenal time to perceive how well your kid can peruse, their capacity to appreciate and address questions. In the event that they are battling with perusi ng, at that point you have to give nearer consideration to how they compose, particularly on the off chance that they are utilizing some type of an accentuation imprint, for example, commas or periods.</p><p></p><p>As you read your article composing tests in fifth grade, take a gander at the linguistic slip-ups. This is the place you can utilize a similar procedure to address the missteps. Frequently, it is a youngster's linguistic aptitudes that keep them down with regards to composing essays.</p><p></p><p>To compose articles, you should have the option to utilize legitimate punctuation and have the option to communicate your thoughts plainly. In this way, in the event that you don't know about how to compose appropriately, at that point attempt to get up and stroll over to the seat that has their exposition composing tests for the fifth grade understanding task. Ask them an inquiry and check whether they have any answers.</p>&l t;p></p><p>By posing an inquiry, you will have the option to decide whether they comprehend what you are stating and in the event that they comprehend the sort of composing tests that you have picked. Commonly, youngsters will lift their hand and state, 'That is an inept inquiry!' After posing an inquiry or two, you will find that you can get a handle on a great deal of data about what composing is, the thing that they should search for when picking paper composing tests, and what they ought to avoid.</p>

The Theory of Relativity and the Speed of Light

One commonly known fact in physics is that you cannot move faster than the speed of light. While thats basically true, its also an over-simplification. Under the theory of relativity, there are actually three ways that objects can move: At the speed of lightSlower than the speed of lightFaster than the speed of light Moving at the Speed of Light One of the key insights that Albert Einstein used to develop his theory of relativity was that light in a vacuum always moves at the same speed. The particles of light, or  photons, therefore move at the speed of light. This is the only speed at which photons can move. They cant ever speed up or slow down. (Note: Photons do change speed when they pass through different materials. This is how refraction occurs, but its the photons absolute speed in a vacuum that cannot change.) In fact, all of the bosons move at the speed of light, so far as we can tell. Slower Than the Speed of Light The next major set of particles (so far as we know, all of the ones that arent bosons) move slower than the speed of light. Relativity tells us that it is physically impossible to ever accelerate these particles fast enough to reach the speed of light. Why is this? It actually amounts to some basic mathematical concepts. Since these objects contain mass, relativity tells us that the equation kinetic energy of the object, based on its velocity, is determined by the equation: Ek m0(ÃŽ ³ - 1)c2 Ek m0c2 / square root of (1 - v2/c2) - m0c2 Theres a lot going on in the above equation, so lets unpack those variables: ÃŽ ³ is the Lorentz factor, which is a scale factor that shows up repeatedly in relativity. It indicates the change in different quantities, such as mass, length, and time, when objects are moving. Since ÃŽ ³ 1 / / square root of (1 - v2/c2), this is what causes the different look of the two equations shown.m0 is the rest mass of the object, obtained when it has a velocity of 0 in a given frame of reference.c is the speed of light in free space.v is the velocity at which the object is moving. The relativistic effects are only noticeably significant for very high values of v, which is why these effects could be ignored for long before Einstein came along. Notice the denominator which contains the variable v (for velocity). As the velocity gets closer and closer to the speed of light (c), that v2/c2 term will get closer and closer to 1 ... which means that the value of the denominator (the square root of 1 - v2/c2) will get closer and closer to 0. As the denominator gets smaller, the energy itself gets larger and larger, approaching infinity. Therefore, when you try to accelerate a particle nearly to the speed of light, it takes more and more energy to do it. Actually accelerating to the speed of light itself would take an infinite amount of energy, which is impossible. By this reasoning, no particle that is moving slower than the speed of light can ever reach the speed of light (or, by extension, go faster than the speed of light). Faster Than the Speed of Light So what about if we did have a particle that moves faster than the speed of light. Is that even possible? Strictly speaking, it is possible. Such particles, called tachyons, have shown up in some theoretical models, but they almost always end up being removed because they represent a fundamental instability in the model. To date, we have no experimental evidence to indicate that tachyons do exist. If a tachyon did exist, it would always move faster than the speed of light. Using the same reasoning as in the case of slower-than-light particles, you can prove that it would take an infinite amount of energy to slow a tachyon down to light speed. The difference is that, in this case, you end up with the v-term being slightly greater than one, which means the number in the square root is a negative. This results in an imaginary number, and its not even conceptually clear what having an imaginary energy would really mean. (No, this is not dark energy.) Faster Than Slow Light As I mentioned earlier, when light goes from a vacuum into another material, it slows down. It is possible that a charged particle, such as an electron, can enter a material with sufficient force to move faster than light within that material. (The speed of light within a given material is called the phase velocity of light in that medium.) In this case, the charged particle emits a form of electromagnetic radiation thats become called Cherenkov radiation. The Confirmed Exception There is one way around the speed of light restriction. This restriction only applies to objects that are moving through spacetime, but its possible for spacetime itself to expand at a rate such that objects within it are separating faster than the speed of light. As an imperfect example, think about two rafts floating down a river at a constant speed. The river forks into two branches, with one raft floating down each of the branches. Though the rafts themselves are each always moving at the same speed, they are moving faster in relation to each other because of the relative flow of the river itself. In this example, the river itself is spacetime. Under the current cosmological model, the distant reaches of the universe is expanding at speeds faster than the speed of light. In the early universe, our universe was expanding at this rate, as well. Still, within any specific region of spacetime, the speed limitations imposed by relativity do hold. One Possible Exception One final point worth mentioning is a hypothetical idea put forth called variable speed of light (VSL) cosmology, which suggests that the speed of light itself has changed over time. This is an extremely controversial theory and theres little direct experimental evidence to support it. Mostly, the theory has been put forward because it has the potential to solve certain problems in the evolution of the early universe without resorting to inflation theory.

Opinion Essay Topics - Grade Levels

Opinion Essay Topics - Grade LevelsSo you're up for writing your first opinion essay and you want to make it an opinion essay topics that are easy and fun to write about. Well here are some great ideas to help you out.Many topics are geared towards grade levels, but make sure you are writing for the appropriate level. You don't want to blow any time on a topic that's too advanced for your grade level. Use common sense and your own experience.Don't get hung up on the 'common sense' idea. If you're looking for a question that involves understanding of your reader, don't worry about keeping things so obvious. Be original in your writing and most importantly, add some humor to make the topic not seem so 'ducked'.Also, don't list the topic in the body of the essay as simply as you would do in a thesis statement. There are many other options for easy topic choices. Use the topic ideas as a jumping off point for brainstorming on your own.Instead of just copying and pasting, keep it up to da te and make sure your writing style is fluid. If you feel stilted you may have problems transitioning from one topic to the next and will lose readers' interest.Another easy topic would be one where you are using your child as your viewpoint. If you're lucky, your child will already have some basic knowledge and will be able to express their opinions without breaking any rules.If you decide to put your children into separate children, let them go at their own pace and don't try to keep them at the same pace or they may end up too nervous. And yes, your children will definitely benefit from the opinions you share in the essay as they grow up.If you follow these ideas, you should be able to write an opinion essay topics that are easy and enjoyable for all grade levels. Go ahead and have fun and express your thoughts!

Free Compare and Contrast Essay Samples - Best For Writing Your Essay

<h1>Free Compare and Contrast Essay Samples - Best For Writing Your Essay</h1><p>The following free look into article tests are applicable for you to see increasingly about this theme. It's been discovered that numerous understudies utilize their reference books in illuminating their articles. You might be ending up asking, 'For what reason do I need to utilize my reference book recorded as a hard copy my exposition?' Well, the appropriate response is very simple.</p><p></p><p>These test papers are given to you to free, therefore, you should utilize your most probable. The main thing you can't do is compose it as a peruser would. It is extremely unlikely to figure out what will occur straightaway, on the off chance that you've thought of an astounding thought for your exposition. You can get exceptionally energized with this, yet you may accomplish more damage than anything else by doing so.</p><p></p><p>You ought to t hink about this, as your understudy, you may end up having a lot of inquiries and questions, and you would absolutely need to put forth a valiant effort in noting them. Therefore, you can wind up getting confounded and burning through your time. One approach to dispose of this is to utilize your statement of the day, which is for the most part toward the finish of the primary section. You can't be stressed at all over spelling, punctuation, or sentence structure, which is the reason you will have so much achievement, utilizing a statement toward the finish of the essay.</p><p></p><p>The free look into article tests are important for such purposes. The beneficial thing about these example papers is that they are given to you to free, so you won't need to stress over going through cash. In spite of the fact that there are different sites and different assets that may give you more thoughts, you can really improve without going through any cash. It's a smart tho ught to place this in the rear of your mind.</p><p></p><p>As an undergrad, you will be required to do something very similar, regardless of where you are. School life is loaded with pressure, and the ideal method to ease yourself of it is to invest however much energy as could reasonably be expected on your examinations. Along these lines, in the event that you haven't got any free exhortation to do as such, at that point you need to consider approaches to unwind and keep yourself from procrastinating.</p><p></p><p>The most ideal approach to accomplish this is to require a few indications and tips for you to accomplish the state you need. For this situation, free investigate paper tests are very valuable, particularly those that are given as digital books. Nonetheless, you may wind up requiring help from the individuals around you. If so, ensure you approach them for help, with the goal that you don't burn through their time and effort .</p><p></p><p>As an undergrad, you will consistently be required to compose for tests, which are extremely intense. Along these lines, it's significant that you ensure you're composing your articles in a superior manner.</p>

Topics For Definition Essay - What Is a Definition?

Topics For Definition Essay - What Is a Definition?If you are a beginner in the online world, you will be happy to know that there are some topics for definition essay. This is an essential research topic. If you do not have knowledge of what this is, you should know it since you will need to make your understanding more concrete and precise. You can put this subject at the top of your list for future reference.It is true that you have not known much about it since you have been living with its aspect since a long time. However, with this, you will be able to grasp more of its details and intricacies. For this, you will need a different set of skills and knowledge than other people who have been living with it for the same duration.If you have no idea of what a definition is, then you should read this article. It will tell you how to write a proper definition and how to tackle your essays with that. I will also tell you why the topic is so important. Once you have understood the enti re definition, you will realize the importance of this article. And if you will come across a definition that you cannot understand, you can always consult a professional.In today's age, we do not hesitate to express our thoughts. So you have to get rid of the notion that you should only know how to write the terms and abbreviations. This should not be the case since most of us are looking for facts and figures. We need to define those figures with the help of facts and figures. Here are some topics for definition essay for you.The most common is to go for 'Fun'Kind'. The reason why 'Kind' is called 'Kind' is because we tend to say 'kind'kindness' when we speak of someone and yet we also use it as an expression to mean'kindness'. 'Kindness' is a kind of kindness. Kindness does not necessarily mean that we should be nice and just agree with every person because all these are good things but it should simply mean that we should remember the rights of others and we should treat them in a civil manner so that we are considered to be polite.Another common terms are the words 'time'space'. 'Time' describes the passage of time and the movement of time. The same with 'Space' describes the limits and the areas that we can occupy. It is the way how we think and determine the laws of our lives.One of the most common terms that are more often used to describe the subject is 'Modern'Culture'. Basically, the difference between the two is that modern culture is different from traditional culture. The reason why it is important is because we cannot just create every day. We should develop our culture in order to survive in this modern world. If we will not give enough consideration to this type of culture, it is not possible for us to survive in this modern world.

Exposure to Tragedy in Sophocles Oedipus the King

Sophocles background influenced him to write the drama Oedipus the king. One important influence on the story was his exposer to tragedy all around him. Jeffrey buller in â€Å"Sophocles† told us that Sophocles learned the art form of tragedy from Aeschylus. Sophocles later went to the Great Dionysus a competition for the greatest tragedy and won first place over Aeschylus. Also, Sophocles shows tragedy in the play by telling us about the legend the heard while he grew up (Buller 2-4).Similarly, Oedipus in â€Å"Oedipus the King† goes his whole live trying not to kill his father. He kills him and fails to realize it, until he tries to save his people by finding the killer which develops the tragedy that never had to happen if he didn’t want to save his people. In addition to his exposer, another influence on the story is the authors will to be different. Sophocles developed new ways to add to the art of plays by adding â€Å"†¦a third actor, scene paintin g and a slightly lager chorus† (Buller 11) He also makes Oedipus the main character and focuses on him as the individual hero. In â€Å"Oedipus the king† the whole theme is surrounded by Oedipus and his life. This background, together with a believable plot, convincing characterization, and important literary devices enables Sophocles in â€Å"Oedipus the king† to develop the theme that theme that the protagonist is blind of the truth and later becomes blind knowing the truth. To develop this theme, Sophocles’ creates a believable plot though anShow MoreRelatedEssay about Oedipus: Do Not Try to Control Your Fate1071 Words   |  5 Pageschooses to decide, the outcome of their choices and decisions will still result to their predetermined fate. Sophocles’ tragedy, Oedipus the King, demonstrates this statement throughout the play in the role of his tragic hero Oedipus. In the course of Oedipus’ actions of trying to escape his predestined for tune, his fate and flaws of being human played major roles to bring about his downfall. Oedipus’ doom was already predetermined by an Oracle at Delphi before the moment of his birth; thus, despite whatRead MoreOedipus Rex Essay1335 Words   |  6 Pagesthe crossroads, that drank my father’s blood offered you by my hands, do you remember still what I did as you looked on, and what I did when I came here?† (Oedipus Rex, 1575-1580). Precisely placed at the crossroads of fate and autonomy, Oedipus struggles to define what, exactly, is fate and what, exactly, is left to his own discretion; Oedipus Rex challenges the common thought of Greek Society. Transcending more than one thousand years, questions often posed within the context of this play come toRead More Comparing Female Characters in Euripides Medea and Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone1555 Words   |  7 PagesComparing Female Characters in Euripides Medea and Sophocles Oedipus the King and Antigone      Ã‚  Ã‚   In the times of the ancient Greeks, women had an unpretentious role. They were expected to do take on the accepted role of a woman.   In most cases, a womans role is restricted to bearing young, raising children, and housework. In Sophocles Oedipus   the King, Antigone, and Medea, the dominant female characters impacted upon men with authority and political power.   It is Read MoreEssay on Oedipus the King: The Hubris of Oedipus1681 Words   |  7 Pages Oedipus the King written by Sophocles, is a powerful Greek tragedy story. The protagonist, Oedipus is a heroic mythical king who had it all. Oedipus pursues to find the true answers to his identity and destiny, while at the same time trying to avoid fulfilling his destiny. Oedipus the King was introduced around 429 B.C.E. in Athens. This was Sophocles most celebrated play. It is recognized by many titles, such as its Latin title Oedipus Rex and Oedipus Tyrannus. Sophocles performedRead MoreOedipus Rex Controversy Essay1397 Words   |  6 PagesTake for example Sophocles’ play of Oedipus Rex, in this play, we learn about a man whose past endeavors and choices caused his own ruin. Many readers believe that fate is what causes Oedipus’s downfall; however, it is his free actions that create his tragedy. Background/ Controversy Plot The play Oedipus Rex is a tale that leaves readers shocked and has led to a lot of controversy. In this particular section of the play we watch as Oedipus declares to find the killer of former king Laius but insteadRead MoreThe Era of Greek Tragedy Essay2487 Words   |  10 PagesThe Era of Greek Tragedy In Athens, during the final thirty years of sixth century B.C. playwrights began creating the earliest drama in all of Europe, Greek tragedy (Sifakis, â€Å"Greek Tragedy†). Though now the products of the movement are seen as pieces of literature to be read, they originated as theatrical pieces meant to be performed on the stage. The tragedies were mostly derived from stories about their gods, such as Hades, Zeus and Nyx. In that time period, tales of these immortals wereRead MoreWomen Within The Grecian Culture1316 Words   |  6 Pagessome of the most famous thinkers however they were all men. Women within the Grecian culture where very much the passive sex, confined to housework and almost never educated. It is interesting therefore that the characters that have emerged at the exposure of the phallic philosophical pen still remain as an ally to the feminist movement and are relevant to our way of thinking today, acting as feminist pioneers both in theory and literature, helping the canon evolve years after being written. At a timeRead MoreOedipus Data Sheet2569 Words   |  11 Pages Major Works Data Sheet Oedipus the King Title: ________________________________ Sophicles Author: ______________________________ Date of Publication: ____________________ Around 450 BC Tragic Drama/Theater Genre: _______________________________ Historical information about the setting The work was written around 450 BC, a time of high Greek culture where literature and drama were placed at the forefront of society. Sophocles was a key player in this movement, and his playsRead MoreThe Dramatic Significance of Sick Characters in Ola Rotimis Plays4629 Words   |  19 Pagessignificance of sick characters in Ola Rotimi’s plays. It covers four of Rotimi’s plays because they are directly relevant to the thesis of this study. The four plays are The Gods Are not to Blame (1971), Our Husband Has Gone Mad Again (1977), If†¦ A Tragedy of the Ruled (1983) and Hopes of the Living Dead (1985). The purpose of this study is to examine the use of sick characters in Ola Rotimi’s drama by describing their dramatic significance as well as by assessing their contributions to Rotimi’s dramaturgyRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesalready experienced in senior managerial positions (Boyatzis, 1996, 2000, 2005; Boyatzis, Cowen, Kolb, 1995; Boyatzis, Leonard, Rhee, Wheeler, 1996; Leonard, 1996; Rhee, 1997; Wheeler, 1999). On the other hand, exposure to a traditional cognitive-based curriculum without exposure to management skills development does not correlate with improvements in social competence, management skills, or career success. For example, Cohen (1984) summarized the results of 108 studies of the relationship between

Analyzing The Different Approaches To Leadership †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Analyzing The Different Approaches To Leadership. Answer: Leadership is a process in which the employees are influenced by the leaders towards achieving overall goals and objectives of the organization. It is the capability of a supervisor to encourage the subordinates to conduct the activities with confidence and dedication towards the activities assigned to them. In this paper, the first phase will discuss whether the leadership can be taught or learned by analyzing the different approaches to leadership (Johnston Marshall, 2016). Are leaders born or made? This statement has always dominated and now also dominates the study of leadership. In the next phase, different theories will be discussed and the last phase will be related to the conclusion. It is important for the leader to direct their employees so that success can be achieved. In a recent scenario, it is seen that if anyone wants to achieve success in any field it is important to have skills which can offer a chance to be a leader. It helps an individual to climb up the organization ladder. Leadership can be measured as the asset which should be there in a leader to become successful. According to Theo Haimann "Leadership is the process in which the supervisor's guides and influence the work of the others so that goals and objectives can be achieved"(Alvesson Sveningsson, 2015). Leadership is an influential process in which leader helps to regulate, control and change the behavior and performance of the overall team. It is essential for the employees to follow the instructions given by the leaders so that activities can be conducted smoothly. It is important for the leader to maintain proper relation with the employees so that it can be easy to work according to the given direction by the leader. It is analyzed that in a group, a leader has various power by virtue of which he is on the top level and also influences the behavior of the team members (Neatby, Rioux Aub, 2015). A leader has the knowledge and information about the activities and also has a formal authority to manage the activities of the organization.Management takes into consideration effective and efficient way to attain overall organizational objectives through planning, organizing, staffing and controlling the organizational resources. Leadership can be presented as a process which influences the thoughts, attitude, and behavior so that goals and objectives can be attained of the organization. It is seen that leadership can enhance the confidence and train the employees to enhance the overall output by creating trust and good atmosphere which helps to feel safe for their jobs. It is seen that leaders improve their leadership abilities through the life learning experiences and also through training and coaching. Some individuals seen that leaders are born naturally by having intelligence and visionary. It is often said that "leaders are born to lead" but it not only means that leaders are born only, but not made as to be a good leader it is important to be a follower as it is seen that true leaders do not walk in the front, they only follow the rest. In the present scenario, many corporations consider that if there is no leadership inmanagement then it is known as an ineffective activity. If there is no leadership then it is difficult to manage the resources of the organization. It is also analyzed that without leadership the activities are conducted slowly and which may result in a loss of the business. A Leader is a person who is trustworthy, confident and fulfills all the responsibilities made and manages the work seriously. It is seen that different people have a different attitude so it is important to manage them accordingly. Therefore, leadership is an important skill so that other people do right things. It is seen that it is a challenging task for many organizations to select a better leader. So, if the organizations have the right team with the inspired employees and good leadership abilities then it can be easy to enhance the overall reputation and productivity of the company (Donate de Pablo, 2015). There are some researchers who stated that leadership as a personal perspective like as a trait or behavior whereas many think that leadership is an information processing perspective. Therefore, in this paper study will be made that whether leaders are born or made? Are leaders born? In the recent scenario, there are various self-made leaders who are popular in the organization. It has become a debatable topic whether they become top by born or experience achieved. To support this argument trait theory can be taken into consideration. The trait theory of leadership is an assumption in which the leaders are born and due to this factor, the leaders who possess the qualities and traits are better suited to leadership. This theory focuses on the concept that many leaders are successful and unsuccessful and it is used to predict the effectiveness of the leadership. Common leadership traits of Trait theory are energy, creativity, flexibility and knowledge of the activities. This theory often elaborates the behavioral characteristics that are common in the leaders. In this theory, it is explained that traits are the personal characteristics a leader should have like: confidence and trustworthiness. It states that trait theory focuses on leaders are born". The advantage of this theory is that it is one of the natural pleasing theories and is valid. It helps to provide knowledge and understanding of the leader element in the process of leadership. Trait theory helps to provide constructive information about the leadership and also it can be implemented by people who are conducting their routine activities. Managers can use the information by taking into consideration this theory to analyze their position in the company and to evaluate how their position can be made stronger in the company. They can also have good knowledge of their identity and the way they will impact others in the company. By this theory the managers are aware of their strength and weaknesses and also they can understand that how they can create leadership qualities. So, this is one of the questionable statements to analyze that whether people are born as a leader. There are five aspects of emotional intelligence like self-awareness, motivation, self-regulation, empathy and social skills. This concept is also related to the trait theory (Komives, 2016). It is seen that traits are essential in the development and deployment of the individual skills. Many individuals stated that leadership is born by taking into consideration some characters like artists and players. Therefore, it is analyzed that leadership is actuall y not born. There are various examples related to this argument like: Tiger woods who is golf champion. He is born with good capability to play sports. His father worked with efficiency from his early ages to make him a golf champion. Next example is of Mozart, the musician. He was also born with the skills related to music. His father wanted to make him a good musician from his childhood. He made the efforts to train him by considering various music instruments. By analyzing the examples it is seen that their natural talent and qualities are enhanced through hard work of many years. The improvement is made by their parents and also by the influencing ability. According to Northouse (2009)," leadership is a process in which a person influences a group of individuals to accomplish the goals and objectives of the organization". This definition states that leadership is a process which states that it is not a trait or leadership characteristic but it is a relation between leader and the followers. Also it shows that leadership is not a linear event but it is a communicating event. So, it states that leadership style can be improved by practice and continuous training (Goleman, 2017). Leaders are made A successful organization needs a good leader so that the organization can achieve success in the market. To achieve this it is important for a leader to have good qualities. Some states that good leaders are made not born. If any individual needs to be a good leader then it is important to improve the leadership abilities such as goals and values. Bateman Snell (2009), states that a leader who emphasizes on affecting the company towards achieving goals can minimize the barriers by enhancing the motivation level of the employees. So, leaders should motivate others and create a cooperative environment so that activities can be conducted smoothly. It is important for the leaders to make friends rather than enemies. It is important for the leaders to create a friendly approach so that success can be achieved (Cameron, Quinn, DeGraff, Thakor, 2014). It is important for a leader to create friendly approach so that success can be achieved. In order to be a good leader, it is important to provide good training so that success can be achieved. A leader should create positive thinking so that better training can be offered to the employees. So, it is seen that one's own skills and traits are not sufficient to become a good leader. In a recent scenario, the most common phrase is "he is born to be a leader". It states that traits perspective takes a major portion of the leadership. It states that a specific person may have qualities that are inborn that can assist them to be a good leader. But training is one of the important factors that help to enhance the overall skill and knowledge (Hartnell, Kinicki, Lambert, Fugate Doyle Corner, 2016). So, training is important to be a good leader. Trait leadership states that individuals who have exceptional and inborn talent can be a good leader. Some traits are related to intelligence and height. But process concept states that leadership is an interaction between the followers and leaders. It is said that leaders require followers and also followers require leaders so that communication can be done properly and relation can be maintained effectively. Northouse (2009) suggests that leadership can also be related to the two aspects of theory X and Theory Y. Theory X focuses on the workers who are shy and want assessment by the leaders. While theory Y takes into consideration the responsibility and of some people so that organizational goals can be achieved. Also by taking into consideration theory Y, it is seen that employees are motivated (Jaques, 2017). The managerial grid is also one of the aspects of leadership in which there are various aspects of behavior related to leadership are elaborated like production and worry of an individual. Production factor is related to the task-oriented behavior like managing work and also clarifying the roles. Next factor is related to the concern for people in which the focus is given on creating trust and friendly atmosphere. As this is more related to the individual as it helps to enhance the motivation level of the employees so that vision and strategies can be achieved by the company (Fairhurst Connaughton, 2014). Next theory is related to a behavioral theory in which it is seen that individuals can become a good leader through the process of teaching, learning, and innovation. It is related to a set of skills that can be learned with proper training and learning (Eisner, 2016). Leadership learning is a lifetime activity in which the leaders learn new ways to manage and direct the employees of the organization. Good leaders seek out development opportunities that will assist them to acquire new skills. It is seen through training and coaching leaders are made (Bolden, 2016). Like for instance: If a person is promoted to a post of a leader then it is important to explain the duties and responsibilities so that activities can be conducted smoothly. Training is given to an individual so that activities can be completed with efficiency and also if proper training is given to a leader then responsibilities can be completed with efficiency. It is important to offer training to a leader because it not only enhances the knowledge but also confidence level is enhanced effectively (Clinton, 2017). To be a leader it is important to give formal training as there are many people who can manage to learn and lead the team. Since goodmanagement is related to the rules and rules can be learned and mastered only. So, a leader is an individual who comes forward to take a challenge and overcome the problem with the skills that are learned from training (Fullan, 2014). Training programs With the growing popularity of leadership theories such as behavioral theory and Theory X and Theory Y, the concept of leadership training is growing between organizations as well. In today's competitive business world, companies focus on gaining a competitive advantage based on the effectiveness of leadership styles of their executives. The corporations focus on providing appropriate training to their current executives for improving their leadership approach. Organizations can implement appropriate programs for teaching and improving the leadership style of their managers. The popularity of leadership training programs is growing continuously as the requirement of leadership grooming grows as well. Caprino (2014) provided that developing a leadership mindset is a first step for starting leadership training. Effective leadership is different from managing daily tasks at the workplace. Effective leaders encourage and inspire employees to improve their performance and achieve common o rganizational goals. However, it is not guaranteed that just implementing a leadership training program will improve the leadership qualities of managers in a company. It is necessary that the firm evaluate different factors before implementing a leadership training program such as understating difference between leadership and management, evaluating good leadership behavior, assessing organizational requirements, defining manager qualities and strengths, gaining insights, polishing interpersonal skills and others (Mitgang, 2012). These factors improve the effectiveness of training program which enables leaders to enhance their leadership traits as well. In recent years, leadership training program focus on polishing and improving specific leadership traits of candidates in order to improve their leadership approach. Leadership traits include integrity, authenticity, empathy, good communication, flexibility, compelling presence, humor, charisma, and others. The leadership training program focuses on improving these traits of candidates which improve their leadership approach (Micari, Gould, Lainez, 2010). However, most programs are unable to improve the leadership approach of candidates since it is difficult for them to indulge candidates in the learning process. Simply gaining theoretical knowledge regarding effective leadership approach did not improve leadership style of candidates. It is necessary that a customized training program is established by the company which addresses the issues faced by its managers and which focuses on improving their leadership style. The leadership program should be small, focused and supportive (Yahaya Ebrahim, 2016). It is necessary that each individual in the program must have added attention and proper time to work and improve his/her skills. A small group also facilitates greater connection and support among candidates. A strong central leader is another key requirement of an effective leadership program. For example, General Electric (GE) has implemented an intense five-year training program for its executives who get training from professional experts from different fields (Kosur, 2015). The expertise of teachers directly influences the effectiveness of the training program. During leadership training, the teachers should use multiple methods of learning leadership concepts because when it comes to leadership, one size does not fit all. It means that each person has different characteristics and traits which influence their leadership style. Leadership skills are influenced by behavior and also the skills that are possessed by an individual. Therefore, teachers should assess these qualities and implement a customized program for different candidates. Clearly describing goals and milestones for all leader participants also assist in improving leadership training effectiveness (Solansky, 2010). Teachers should set small and long-term goals for each leader participant that encourages them to achieve them and improve their leadership qualities. Effective leadership program also improves retention program in the company which enables them to preserve leaders. However, these elements did not guarantee the success or failure of a program, but it can bring leade rs closer to becoming successful which is beneficial for the entire company (Sadri, 2012). Therefore, it can be stated that leadership can be taught by implementing a training program in a company. Training programs also help to enhance the working pattern of the employees. It is seen that training helps to enhance the overall confidence level and also working structure can be managed effectively (Frich, Brewster, Cherlin Bradley, 2015). To be a good leader it is important to work with dedication and confidence so that team members can be inspired easily. However, the effectiveness of a training program depends upon a number of factors which are necessary to be evaluated by the corporation before implementing a training program (Dopson, Ferlie, McGivern, Behrens Fischer, 2016). There are various characteristics of a good leader. As it is seen, leaders are diverse and they are of different nationalities, gender and personality profiles. Effective leaders are clear about what needs to be done. It is seen that they can express their vision of a desirable future in a simple way (Bolman Deal, 2017). Leaders are ideas generators and they inspire other people to follow them. They can easily convince other to work according to them and also they have the quality to manage the conflicts that are prevailing in the organization. Leaders know how to stay calm and also they inspire others with the same technique. They use the technique that "when you lose your temper, you are not able to achieve a goal". Self-evaluation is considered as a strong characteristic of an effective leader. A good leader takes critics and tries to work on it. It is seen that no one wants to be corrected but effective leaders want to be corrected so that growth can be achieved. If negative fee dbacks are taken from the people then it can be converted easily into a positive one (Antonakis Day, 2017). It is seen that good leader manage their work life with their personal life. They do not ignore their work life for their personal life and personal life for their work life. They know how to keep up their good health by managing the work. A good leader is a good communicator. He knows how to communicate with the team members and also knows that communication is not solely conversation (Goldman, 2016).The leader focuses on making the message understandable for every team member so that activities can be conducted accordingly. Leaders listen more than they talk with the members. It is the duty of the leader to communicate effectively with each and every one within the organization. A Good leader conducts the activities as per the rules and regulations of the organization. A good leader is the one who finds a solution to each and every problem prevailing in the organization. It is also important that good leader should have a strong moral base so that their decisions can be valued in t he organization. It is also essential for a good leader to be very creative so that failure can be reduced and productivity can be improved of the workers who are working in the business (Koseoglu, Liu Shalley, 2017). Conclusion So, by analyzing the paper it is seen that leadership can be taught. It is seen that leaders can be made by bringing change in their behavior and also through training. There are no born leaders. Individuals are born with a strength that helps them to be a good leader. Leadership is considered as a skill. A good leader can be made by improving the qualities of practice. It is seen that more experience person is, more productivity can be achieved. A good leader can be made with more experience and also by improving the leadership skills. In many situations the organizations have leaders but their capability is not identified. In this case, the organization can create a good leader by offering them proper training and also by performance evaluation. If proper training is given to them, then it can be possible to conduct the activities with efficiency. This states that individuals are not born leaders. It is analyzed that individuals are born with the personal qualities that help them t o be a good leader. When duty is assigned to an individual it offers an opportunity to learn new skills and being coached by someone to inspire them. Hence, it is seen that individuals can be inspired and achieve their skills so that success can be achieved easily. References Alvesson, M., Sveningsson, S. 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